MSVC prerequisites - The rustup book
To compile programs into an exe file, Rust requires a linker, libraries and Windows API import libraries. For msvc targets these can be acquired through Visual Studio.
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Jan 6, 2026
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技术积累
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了解一个语言的方法是翻译一份文档
起点
讨论Rust安装，常规`Hello Rust!`，使用名为`cargo`的Rust构建系统和包管理器
安装
Windows 安装
通过rustup下载Rust到Windows，需要 MSVC prerequisites - The rustup book![MSVC prerequisites - The rustup book]()
MSVC prerequisites - The rustup bookLinux/macOS 安装
在终端并输入一下命令：
更新和卸载
Hello Rust！
Cargo
- 构建代码，下载依赖库并编译库
猜数字
生成随机数，先添加rand库
然后重新build，这样就添加了一个名为rand的外部依赖，外部依赖可以在 ![]()
crates.io![crates.io]()
![]()
crates.io
编程概念速查
变量 Variables
- 变量默认不可变
- 当值绑定到名称后无法修改值
- 但可以通过 添加 `mut 变量名` 来使其可变
常量 Constants
- 始终不可变
- 大写+下划线
- 常量表达式，不能动态计算
遮蔽/覆盖 Shadowing
数据类型 Data Types
整型 Integer Types
Length | Signed | Unsigned |
8-bit | i8 | u8 |
16-bit | i16 | u16 |
32-bit | i32 | u32 |
64-bit | i64 | u64 |
128-bit | i128 | u128 |
Architecture-dependent | isize | usize |
Number literals | Example |
Decimal | 98_222 |
Hex | 0xff |
Octal | 0o77 |
Binary | 0b1111_0000 |
Byte ( u8 only) | b'A' |
浮点类型 Floating-Point Types
f32 和 f64- 都有符号
布尔类型 Boolean Type
true 和 false字符类型 Character Type
- Unicode字符集
复合类型 Compound Types
元组 Tuple
- 固定长度，可以用不同类型值
数组 Array
- 数组中的类型相同，固定长度
运算符
Operator | Example | Explanation | Overloadable? |
! | ident!(...), ident!{...}, ident![...] | Macro expansion | ㅤ |
! | !expr | Bitwise or logical complement | Not |
!= | expr != expr | Nonequality comparison | PartialEq |
% | expr % expr | Arithmetic remainder | Rem |
%= | var %= expr | Arithmetic remainder and assignment | RemAssign |
& | &expr, &mut expr | Borrow | ㅤ |
& | &type, &mut type, &'a type, &'a mut type | Borrowed pointer type | ㅤ |
& | expr & expr | Bitwise AND | BitAnd |
&= | var &= expr | Bitwise AND and assignment | BitAndAssign |
&& | expr && expr | Short-circuiting logical AND | ㅤ |
* | expr * expr | Arithmetic multiplication | Mul |
*= | var *= expr | Arithmetic multiplication and assignment | MulAssign |
* | *expr | Dereference | Deref |
* | *const type, *mut type | Raw pointer | ㅤ |
+ | trait + trait, 'a + trait | Compound type constraint | ㅤ |
+ | expr + expr | Arithmetic addition | Add |
+= | var += expr | Arithmetic addition and assignment | AddAssign |
, | expr, expr | Argument and element separator | ㅤ |
- | - expr | Arithmetic negation | Neg |
- | expr - expr | Arithmetic subtraction | Sub |
-= | var -= expr | Arithmetic subtraction and assignment | SubAssign |
-> | fn(...) -> type, |…| -> type | Function and closure return type | ㅤ |
. | expr.ident | Field access | ㅤ |
. | expr.ident(expr, ...) | Method call | ㅤ |
. | expr.0, expr.1, and so on | Tuple indexing | ㅤ |
.. | .., expr.., ..expr, expr..expr | Right-exclusive range literal | PartialOrd |
..= | ..=expr, expr..=expr | Right-inclusive range literal | PartialOrd |
.. | ..expr | Struct literal update syntax | ㅤ |
.. | variant(x, ..), struct_type { x, .. } | “And the rest” pattern binding | ㅤ |
... | expr...expr | (Deprecated, use ..= instead) In a pattern: inclusive range pattern | ㅤ |
/ | expr / expr | Arithmetic division | Div |
/= | var /= expr | Arithmetic division and assignment | DivAssign |
: | pat: type, ident: type | Constraints | ㅤ |
: | ident: expr | Struct field initializer | ㅤ |
: | 'a: loop {...} | Loop label | ㅤ |
; | expr; | Statement and item terminator | ㅤ |
; | [...; len] | Part of fixed-size array syntax | ㅤ |
<< | expr << expr | Left-shift | Shl |
<<= | var <<= expr | Left-shift and assignment | ShlAssign |
< | expr < expr | Less than comparison | PartialOrd |
<= | expr <= expr | Less than or equal to comparison | PartialOrd |
= | var = expr, ident = type | Assignment/equivalence | ㅤ |
== | expr == expr | Equality comparison | PartialEq |
=> | pat => expr | Part of match arm syntax | ㅤ |
> | expr > expr | Greater than comparison | PartialOrd |
>= | expr >= expr | Greater than or equal to comparison | PartialOrd |
>> | expr >> expr | Right-shift | Shr |
>>= | var >>= expr | Right-shift and assignment | ShrAssign |
@ | ident @ pat | Pattern binding | ㅤ |
^ | expr ^ expr | Bitwise exclusive OR | BitXor |
^= | var ^= expr | Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment | BitXorAssign |
| | pat | pat | Pattern alternatives | ㅤ |
| | expr | expr | Bitwise OR | BitOr |
|= | var |= expr | Bitwise OR and assignment | BitOrAssign |
|| | expr || expr | Short-circuiting logical OR | ㅤ |
? | expr? | Error propagation | ㅤ |
函数 Functions
- 字母小写 下划线分隔
if 表达式
- if 条件后必须是布尔值，不能像 C 那样用整数充当真值
- if / else if / else 整体是一个表达式，可以给变量赋值
loop 循环（返回值）
- loop 表示无限循环，必须手动 break 跳出
- break 后面可以跟一个值，作为整个 loop 表达式的结果
while 循环
- while 先判断条件，为真就执行循环体，否则结束
- 适合「条件未知、每次循环都要重新检查」的场景
for 循环（遍历区间和集合）
- for item in collection 用于遍历数组、切片、迭代器，是 Rust 中推荐的循环方式
(1..4)是半开区间 1,2,3；rev()可反转迭代顺序
match 模式匹配
- match 必须覆盖所有可能情况，否则编译失败
- 分支用
值 => 表达式的形式，最后一个分支常用_作为兜底